OSI MODEL AND TCP/IP MODEL

A quick definition of OSI model is

 The Open Systems Interconnection model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology

And TCP/IP is

The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is the set of communications protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks. The current foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol

Let us know about these 2 layers,

The first layer in the OSI model and TCP/IP is 

Physical layer:- (same as network interface layer in TCP)

The 1st layer in the OSI model(physical layer)deals with what type of cables we use and it is responsible for all actual physical connections between the devices. (It is responsible for sending bits from one computer to another). The physical layer supports higher layers responsible for the generation of logical data packets it will take a look at mac address and verify them.

Now the 2nd layer,

the data link layer:-(same as network interface layer in TCP)

Anything which has to do work with mac address works at data link layer.it handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network. (is responsible for multiplexing data streams, data frame detection, medium access, and error control). The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and may also provide the means to detect and possibly correct errors that can occur in the physical layer.it will take a look at the frame check sequence and check the entire ethernet frame. now it will strip off mac address and frame check sequence and sends an IP packet to next layer.

We are at layer 3,

network layer:-(same as internet layer in TCP)

The network layer works for the transmission of data from one host to the other located in different networks. It also takes care of packet routing.it has work to do with logical addresses. it enables different networks to be interconnected.it will strip destination IP and source IP in an ethernet frame and store them, it controls the operation of the subnet. The main aim of this layer is to deliver packets from source to destination across multiple links (networks). If two computers (system) are connected on the same link, then there is no need for a network layer.it leaves the TCP segment for the next communication layer (TCP segment consists of header fields and a data field).

Layer 4 is,

Transport layer:-(same as transport layer in TCP)

Transport Layer provides transparent transfer of data between end-users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. The transport layer controls the reliability of a given link through flow control, segmentation and desegmentation, and error control.it disassembles data and makes sure it transfers to other systems, it is responsible for end-to-end communication over a network. it assembles and disassembles data(chopping big data into small pieces) and it will sequence data like(data1,data2,data3.....) This layer enables the host to send and receive error-corrected data, packets, or messages over a network and is the network component that allows multiplexing.it leaves with ports and chunks of data

5th layer is,

Session layer:-(same as application layer in TCP)

Session(actual connection between 2 systems).is responsible for establishing, managing, synchronizing, and terminating sessions between end-user application processes. It works as a dialog controller. It adds synchronization points or checkpoints in data streams for long communications. controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. It establishes, manages, and terminates the connections between the local and remote applications.it will take a look at port numbers to separate data it will present data for the application layer.

Layer 6 is,

Presentation layer:-(same as application layer in TCP)

This layer provides independence from data representation (e.g., encryption) by translating between application and network formats. The presentation layer transforms data into the form that the application accepts. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network. The presentation layer acts as a translator between the application and the network, mainly addressing the syntax representation of user information, ie, providing formatted representations and translation data services. Data compression, decompression, encryption, decryption are completed in this layer.

and the last layer is,

Application layer:-(same as application layer in TCP)

This layer is used by end-user software such as web browsers and email clients. It is the highest level of open systems, providing services directly for the application process. It allows a user to access, retrieve and manage files on a remote computer. It provides the basis for email forwarding and storage facilities. The application program uses functions from the API(application program interface) to open and close connections and write or read data to the network. the application layer is used to develop network-based applications. It provides user services like user login, naming network devices, formatting messages, and e-mails, transfer of files, etc.

Difference between the OSI model and the TCP/IP model?

OSI model is a generic model that is based upon the functionalities of each layer. TCP/IP model is a protocol-oriented standard. ... OSI model gives guidelines on how communication needs to be done, while TCP/IP protocols layout standards on which the Internet was developed. So, TCP/IP is a more practical model.

Why TCP IP model is better than OSI?

Reliable and Secure Connection: The OSI model does not have any special mechanism for providing a reliable and secure connection for data transmission. On the other hand, the TCP/IP model has a 3-way handshake mechanism for providing a reliable and secure connection link oner the network

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credits:-

Vardan,s.koushik